geopractice2

Sebelum zaman At-Tabari ada seorang lagi historiografi Islam yang terkenal iaitu al-Waqidi (747-823). Nama sebenar beliau adalah Muhammad bin 'Umar al-Waqidi. Beliau diakui sebagai seorang yang diiktiraf dalam banyak bidang. Autoriti beliau sangat tinggi dalam hal mengenai maghazi, sirah, penaklukan awal Islam (conquest), fiqah dan sejarah. al-Waqidi juga menyampaikan (transmitted) keterangan yang pernah ditulis oleh ulama terdahulu seperti al-Awza'i, Malik bin Anas, al-Thawri, dan Abu Ma'ahar. Selanjutnya, tulisan al-Waqidi kemudian dikutip oleh as-Syafie dan Ibn Sa'd (yang digelar khatib kepada al-Waqidi). Sunggoh pun al-Waqidi diangkat sebagai sangat dipercayai dalam sejarah dan feqah beliau sebaliknya dikategori tidak boleh diterima dari segi hadis. Namun begitu, at-Tabari sering memetik dari al-Waqidi mengenai perkara kehidupan Rasulullah, penaklukan dan sejarah lain ketika period dua abad pertama Islam. At-Tabari memetik kebanyakannya dari karya al-Waqidi, Kitab a...

Imam At-Tabari atau Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Jarir bin Yazid bin Kathir at-Tabari lahir pada musim sejuk 839M di kota Amul dalam wilayah Tabaristan. Tahun kelahiran beliau pada period pemerintahan Abbasid al-Mu'tasim (r.833-842). Sejak kecil lagi at-Tabari sudah menunjukkan keupayaan menguasai ilmu. Beliau hafaz Qur'an pada usia 7 tahun, menjadi imam solat ketika usia 8 tahun dan mula mengumpul hadis pada usia 9 tahun. Beliau bercita untuk belajar dengan Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal namun tidak kesampaian. Imam Ahmad wafat tidak lama sebelum at-Tabari sempat sampai ke tempat beliau. Makanya at-Tabari pulang semula ke Baghdad dan bertugas menjadi pengajar kepada Ubaidullah bin Yahya iaitu anak kepada vizier Abbasid al-Mutawakkil (r.847-861). Sebuah bazar menjual barangan pakaian (peniaga berasal dari Burma) - - - - -

Straley turut menulis perspektif sejarawan Barat silam terhadap sejarah Islam (m/surat 12). The work of Julius Wellhausen on the Rashiddun and Umayyad caliphs was partly an attempt to determine the trends and motives of early Islamic historians, but is unfortunately marred by his anti-'Abbasid bias and his emphasis on the Western concept of the nation-state. DS Margoliouth felt that biography was a sufficient introduction to a historian and this is an attitude that persists to the present day, with many scholars simply raiding historical texts for a few "facts". Franz Rosenthal, in the attempt to present a unified study of Muslim historiography, is totally uncritical of early Islamic writers and accepts at face value their own - often platitudinous - statements on the purpose of their work. The one recent study of an Islamic historical writer, Abu Mithnaf, is unfortunately hampered by the fact that none of his writings have survived intact, and can only be dealt with piec...

Dalam tesis Straley m/s 8 beliau menulis tentang ciri-ciri sejarah Islam menurut perspektif sejarawan Islam. Beliau menyebut bahawa: For the Islamic historian, the "Golden Age" lies in the past, generally in the first few decades of Islam. Depending upon his religio-political persuasion, his economic situation, and his intellectual outlook, he may choose as his model the umma of Muhammad at Medina, the caliphate of  'Ali, or some other period during these early years. Because the Islamic historian looks to this period in the past as the high point of his society, he will never be satisfied with the society in which he lives unless he believes that it has correctly followed the laws and ideals formulated in the earlier period. As a corollary to this, his view of the world is almost totally dominated by Islam; his ideal society is Islamic. He does not criticize the basic tenets of Islam, and matters which he considers harmful or derogatory to it are suppressed. Biblical his...

Pengkaji Dona Sue Straley dalam tesis beliau telah menumpu kepada lima peristiwa yang mewakili lima period sejarah seperti berikut: 1 the battle of Dhu Qar for the pre-Islamic period; 2 the battle of Badr during the Prophet's lifetime; 3 the confrontation of 'Ali and Mu'awiya at Siffin from the period of the Rashiddun; 4 the caliphate of 'Umar bin 'Abd al-'Aziz for the Umayyad dinasty; 5 the siege of Baghdad by al-Ma'mun's generals for the early 'Abbasid period. While these sections may seem somewhat arbitrarily chosen, they are all incidents which represent crucial moments for the Islamic (or Arab, as in the case of Dhu Qar) community and the results of which were to determine the future development of that umma. Kajian Dona merangkumi perbandingan dengan penulisan oleh Hodgson. Suasana ibadah saei - - - - -

Imam At-Tabari atau nama penuhnya Abu Jaa'far Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid al-Tabari (839-923) telah mengarang sebuah kitab yang terkenal. Kitab bertajuk Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk telah menjadi bahan rujukan kepada ribuan para sarjana Islam dan non-Muslim seluruh dunia. Kitab beliau telah diterjemah ke beberapa bahasa. Antara terjemahan awal ialah seperti berikut: Theodor Noldeke trans., Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden (Leiden, 1879); Elma Marin trans., Abu. Ja'far Muhammad b. Jarir al-'Tabari's The Reign of al-Mu'tasim (833-842) (New Haven, 1951). The French translation of L. Dubeux, Chronique d'Abou-Djafar Mohammed Tabari (Paris, 1836). The French translation of H. Zotenberg, Chronique de Abou-Djafar Mohammed-ben-Djarir-ben-Yezid Tabari 4 vols., (Paris, 1967-74). Source - Tesis "A study of al-Tabari's Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk" oleh Dona Sue Straley, Edinburgh Uni 1977. Folder: 1B geobaca. Masjidil Haram sekitar ...